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Problems with the Drawing a State Border along the River Psou Section

Received: 8 June 2015     Accepted: 9 June 2015     Published: 14 July 2015
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Abstract

The work deals with analysis of problems with the drawing a state border along the River Psou Section. The problem is difficult to solute due to the modern complex geopolitical situation in the Caucasus region, wrong decisions of the past and historical documents and cartographic sources with the inadequately shown reality. One of the major hampering factors is the state practice of territorial spacing of the former Soviet republics implying giving the state borders of a country having lost its independence a status of administrative borders. The main purpose of the study is to give the geographical-cartometry analysis of the historical transformations of the River Psou section of the Georgian state border. A lot of various cartographic sources, governmental Resolutions, historical and statistical data also were used as the basis of the study. Different factors as one of the main factors determining the historical change of this section of state border are discussed in the paper. The research was conducted in different main directions: the evaluation of historical transformations of state border throughout of XIX-XX centuries and in modern times, factors hampering the regulation of the state border, issue of the territorial belonging of village Aibga, etc. In order to study these issues have used different methods as well as GIS-technologies. The main results of research are determination of some issues connected with state border along the river Psou section: 1) the frequency of historical transformations; (2) the major factors causing this historical transformations; (3) incompliance between the existing cartographic sources and governmental resolutions in relation to the registration of all five districts of village Aibga, (4) the facts of incorrect depiction of the territorial belonging of the river Psou section in the XX-century scientific and statistical sources.

Published in Earth Sciences (Volume 4, Issue 5-1)

This article belongs to the Special Issue Modern Problems of Geography and Anthropology

DOI 10.11648/j.earth.s.2015040501.21
Page(s) 60-67
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

State Border, River Psou, Georgia, Delimitation, Demarcation

References
[1] D. Nikolaishvili, R, Tolordava, “Geographical factr as a bases for research of state borders - an example of Georgia”. Journal of Earth Science and Engineering. volume 3, number 10, October (serial number 25), CA, USA, 2013, pp. 701-713.
[2] Resolution #59, Regulation of Government of Georgia, Tbilisi, Feb. 4, 2008.
[3] Historical Atlas of Georgia (2003). D. Muskhelishvili (Ed.). Tbilisi, Georgian.
[4] D. Nikolaishvili, R. Tolordava, "Geographical-cartometric evaluation of the territorial belonging of village Aibga". Materials of the International Conference dedicated to the 80th anniversary of the Institute establishment “Modern problems of geography”, November 7-9, Tbilisi. 2013.
[5] Agreement between Georgia and Russia of May 7, 1920.
[6] Atlas of Georgia . Tbilisi-Moscow, 1964
[7] R. Gachechiladze. Georgia in Context of World in XX and XXI Centuries, The Main Moments of Political Life, Tbilisi, Bakur Sulakauri Publishing House, Georgian, 2013.
[8] N.V. Pautkina Historical-legislative Analysis of Territorial Delimit of Russia and Georgia (on the onshore place). In: Proceedings of Scientific-Practical Conference, Military Institute of Moscow.
[9] Iv. Javakhishvili. Borders of Georgia. Historical and Modern Period Review (1919). Selected Works, vol. 12. Tbilisi, 1998, pp. 459-513.
[10] Overall census of the population of Georgia, 1989, 2002.
[11] Abkhazian ASSR, administrative-territorial division. Sukhumi, Gosizdat of Abkhazian ASSR, 1953.
[12] Orthographic dictionary of the geographical names of Georgia, Tbilisi, 1987; 2009.
[13] Charte Generale. Lieutenant-General, Ministre et Secretaire d'Etat au Department des Affairs etrangeres Par J.M. Darmet, 1819.
[14] General map of the lands between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea with the indication of the new border of Russia and Persia, 1819.
[15] General map of Georgia, 1823.
[16] Europe. Partie de La Russie D'Europe, 1827.
[17] Circassian map of 1830.
[18] Map to Ullustrate "Narrative of a Residence in Circassia. James Stanislaus Bell. Esq", 1840.
[19] Karte des Kaukasischen Isthmus - Entworfen und gezeichnet von J-Grassl, 1856.
[20] Map of the mountain people of Trans-Kuban area, source: L. Lule, Tiflis, 1857, 20 Miles in Inch.
[21] General map of the Caucasus, 1858. 30 Miles in Inch.
[22] Charte Landeram Caucasus. I.C.M. Reinecke. Weimar, 1808.
[23] Map of Trans-Kuban..., 1857.
[24] P.P. Tornau (2008). Memories of a Caucasian officer, Moscow, «АИРО-XXI», 456.
[25] Map of the Trans-Caucasian region; drafted by Kondratyev, a topographer and staff captain, 1869.
[26] Map of the Black Sea okrug and west Sokhumi okrug, 10 Miles in Inch, 1883.
[27] Map of the Trans-Caucasian region with the indication of borders of 1799; drafted by Tomnyev, lieutenant colonel of the staff of the Trans-Caucasian military okrug of the military-historical department, Tiflis, 1899.
[28] Map of the Caucasian region with the indication of borders of 1801-1813; drafted by Tomnyev, lieutenant colonel of the staff of the Trans-Caucasian military okrug of the military-historical department, Tiflis, 1901, a 40-verst map. Annex to the XVIII west Caucasian department of the Geographic Society; a 10-verst map.
[29] Resolution of His Emperor’s Majesty “On settling the Black Sea okrug and its management”, March 10, 1866.
[30] Supreme command of May 23, 1896.
[31] Map of Caucasian territory, 1869.
[32] Archaeological map of Kuban oblast, compiled by E.D. Felitsin, 1882, 20 versts.
[33] Emperor’s Decree of December 25, 1904.
[34] Map of Kuban oblast and near Black Sea provinces and a part of Sokhumi okrug; drafted by N.S. Ivanenkov, 1902, 1 verst.
[35] Map of Kuban oblast and near Black Sea provinces and a part of Sokhumi okrug; drafted by N.S. Ivanenkov, 1904, 10 Miles in Inch.
[36] Resolution of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR of October 31, 1924.
[37] Resolution of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR of March 19, 1926.
[38] N. Samkharadze. State border of Georgia – the past and present, Foreign policy and safety program, September, 2012.
[39] Atlas of the USSR, drafted at the cartographic publishing house of NKVD of the RSFSR, author of Introduction: A. Enukidze, Moscow, publishing house of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR, 1928.
[40] Resolution of All-Russia Central Executive Committee of the USSR of 31.12.1928.
[41] Transcaucasian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, 1928, scale 1:3,000,000.
[42] Map of the Georgian SSR, 1929.
[43] Atlas of the USSR, drafted at the cartographic publishing house of NKVD of the RSFSR, author of Introduction: A. Enukidze, Moscow, publishing house of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR, 1928.
[44] Resolution of All-Russia Central Executive Committee of the USSR of 12.04.1929.
[45] The map of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia drafted at the Institute of cartography of Georgia, State Publishing House of Georgia, 1932, scale 1:200 000.
[46] Instructive physical map of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia drafted and developed at the cartographic study of the Geographic Society of Georgia under the leadership of Prof. Al. Javakhishvili and assistant S. Tskhakaia, 1931-1932, scale 1:400,000.
[47] Instructive physical map of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia developed at the Institute of Cartograpy of Georgia, 1932, scale 1:200,000.
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  • APA Style

    Dali Nikolaishvili, Revaz Tolordava, Davit Sartania, Lali Kutateladze. (2015). Problems with the Drawing a State Border along the River Psou Section. Earth Sciences, 4(5-1), 60-67. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.s.2015040501.21

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    ACS Style

    Dali Nikolaishvili; Revaz Tolordava; Davit Sartania; Lali Kutateladze. Problems with the Drawing a State Border along the River Psou Section. Earth Sci. 2015, 4(5-1), 60-67. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.s.2015040501.21

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    AMA Style

    Dali Nikolaishvili, Revaz Tolordava, Davit Sartania, Lali Kutateladze. Problems with the Drawing a State Border along the River Psou Section. Earth Sci. 2015;4(5-1):60-67. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.s.2015040501.21

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  • @article{10.11648/j.earth.s.2015040501.21,
      author = {Dali Nikolaishvili and Revaz Tolordava and Davit Sartania and Lali Kutateladze},
      title = {Problems with the Drawing a State Border along the River Psou Section},
      journal = {Earth Sciences},
      volume = {4},
      number = {5-1},
      pages = {60-67},
      doi = {10.11648/j.earth.s.2015040501.21},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.s.2015040501.21},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.earth.s.2015040501.21},
      abstract = {The work deals with analysis of problems with the drawing a state border along the River Psou Section. The problem is difficult to solute due to the modern complex geopolitical situation in the Caucasus region, wrong decisions of the past and historical documents and cartographic sources with the inadequately shown reality. One of the major hampering factors is the state practice of territorial spacing of the former Soviet republics implying giving the state borders of a country having lost its independence a status of administrative borders. The main purpose of the study is to give the geographical-cartometry analysis of the historical transformations of the River Psou section of the Georgian state border. A lot of various cartographic sources, governmental Resolutions, historical and statistical data also were used as the basis of the study. Different factors as one of the main factors determining the historical change of this section of state border are discussed in the paper. The research was conducted in different main directions: the evaluation of historical transformations of state border throughout of XIX-XX centuries and in modern times, factors hampering the regulation of the state border,  issue of the territorial belonging of village Aibga, etc. In order to study these issues have used different methods as well as GIS-technologies. The main results of research are determination of some issues connected with state border along the river Psou section: 1) the frequency of historical transformations; (2) the major factors causing this historical transformations; (3) incompliance between the existing cartographic sources and governmental resolutions in relation to the registration of all five districts of village Aibga, (4) the facts of incorrect depiction of the territorial belonging of the river Psou section in the XX-century scientific and statistical sources.},
     year = {2015}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Problems with the Drawing a State Border along the River Psou Section
    AU  - Dali Nikolaishvili
    AU  - Revaz Tolordava
    AU  - Davit Sartania
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    T2  - Earth Sciences
    JF  - Earth Sciences
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    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2328-5982
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.s.2015040501.21
    AB  - The work deals with analysis of problems with the drawing a state border along the River Psou Section. The problem is difficult to solute due to the modern complex geopolitical situation in the Caucasus region, wrong decisions of the past and historical documents and cartographic sources with the inadequately shown reality. One of the major hampering factors is the state practice of territorial spacing of the former Soviet republics implying giving the state borders of a country having lost its independence a status of administrative borders. The main purpose of the study is to give the geographical-cartometry analysis of the historical transformations of the River Psou section of the Georgian state border. A lot of various cartographic sources, governmental Resolutions, historical and statistical data also were used as the basis of the study. Different factors as one of the main factors determining the historical change of this section of state border are discussed in the paper. The research was conducted in different main directions: the evaluation of historical transformations of state border throughout of XIX-XX centuries and in modern times, factors hampering the regulation of the state border,  issue of the territorial belonging of village Aibga, etc. In order to study these issues have used different methods as well as GIS-technologies. The main results of research are determination of some issues connected with state border along the river Psou section: 1) the frequency of historical transformations; (2) the major factors causing this historical transformations; (3) incompliance between the existing cartographic sources and governmental resolutions in relation to the registration of all five districts of village Aibga, (4) the facts of incorrect depiction of the territorial belonging of the river Psou section in the XX-century scientific and statistical sources.
    VL  - 4
    IS  - 5-1
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Geography, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences,Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia

  • Department of Geography, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Healthcare, Sokhumi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia

  • Museum of TSU, Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia

  • Department of Geography, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Healthcare, Sokhumi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia

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