Assessment of Natural Radioactivity in Cements (Local and Imported) in Mali

Adama Coulibaly; Fatoumata Dite Niaber Nafogou; Binefou Kone; Aly Ag Mohamed Dicko; Oumou Camara

doi:doi:10.11648/j.rst.20241003.11

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Assessment of Natural Radioactivity in Cements (Local and Imported) in Mali

Adama Coulibaly^*

, Fatoumata Dite Niaber Nafogou

, Binefou Kone

, Aly Ag Mohamed Dicko

, Oumou Camara

Published in Radiation Science and Technology (Volume 10, Issue 3)

Received: 17 July 2024 Accepted: 14 August 2024 Published: 30 August 2024

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Abstract

Background: In this article, the radioactivity concentrations of U-238, Th-232 and K-40 (NORM) and radiological hazard parameters in different types of cements commonly used in Mali and available on the Malian market have been analyzed. The obtained values of NORM concentrations and radiological hazards in seven (07) cements samples will permit to the AMARAP to estimate the exposure (gamma rays) from the buildings and dwellings made by these cements. It will permit also to determine any over exposure (determinist effects which are an immediate tissue reaction due to the high exposition of ionizing radiation) and minimize as well the associated risk due to low doses (stochastic effects). Materials and Methods: The health impact due to the exposure of radionuclides from these cements was evaluated by the determination of specific activity of radionuclides U-238, Th-232 and K-40 using gamma spectrometry analysis. The radiological hazards such as Absorbed Dose Rate (Ḋ) Annual Effective Dose (Ė) Internal and External Dose indexes (H_in and H_ex) were evaluated in these cements samples. Results: The range of specific activities for U-238 vary from 21.77 ± 1.50 to 145.31 ± 7.70 Bq/kg, for Th-232 from 8.85 ± 0.52 to 73.56 ± 3.82 Bq/kg and for K-40 from 104.27 ± 5.63 to 351.97 ± 18.08 Bq/kg. The peak of U-238 wasn’t detected only in one (01) sample (CIM04). The highest value of specific activity was reported in sample CIM07 (DANGOTE). The values of radiological hazard such as Ḋ, Ė, H_in and H_ex from this work were within the dose criteria limits given by international organizations (ICRP and UNSCEAR) and national standards. Conclusion: This study shows the analyzed cements do not pose any significant source of radiation hazard and are safe for use in the construction of dwellings even if the risk (stochastic effect) associated with low dose exists. Special attention and more analyzes must be done on them for more protection of public health.

Published in	Radiation Science and Technology (Volume 10, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.rst.20241003.11
Page(s)	37-42
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Buildings, Cement, Dwellings, Radiological Hazards, Specific Activity

References

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[3]	European Commission (EC), Radiological protection principles concerning the natural radioactivity of building materials. Directorate – general environment, nuclear safety and civil protection, Radiat. Protect. 112, 1–16 (1999).
[4]	F. B. Masok, P. L. Masiteng, R. D. Mavunda et al., Measurement of radioactivity concentration in soil samples around phosphate rock storage facility in Richards Bay, South Africa, J. Radiat. Res. Appl. Sci. 11, 29–36 (2018).
[5]	N. Damla, U. Cevik, A. I. Kobya et al. Radiation dose estimation and mass attenuation coefficients of cement samples used in Turkey, J. Hazardous Mater. 176, 644–649 (2010).
[6]	T. Abate, Radioactivity and health risk assessments in cement samples commonly used as construction materials in the case of South Gondar Zone, Ethiopia, (June 2022).
[7]	K. Khan, H. M. Khan, Natural gamma-emiting radionuclides in Pakistani Portland cement, Applied Radiation and Isotopes 54, 861-865 (2001).
[8]	A. El-Taher, S. Makhluf, A. Nossair, A. S. Abdel Halim, Assessment of natural radioactivity levels and radiation hazards due to cement industry, Applied Radiation and Isotopes 68, 169-174, (2010).
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[14]	M. I. Chowdhury, M. N. Alam, A. K. S. Ahmed, Concentration of radionuclides in building and ceramic materials of Bangladesh and evaluation of radiation hazard. J Radioanal Nucl Chem. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02388016 (1998).
[15]	O. Baykara, S. Karatepe, M. Dogru, Assessments of natural radioactivity and radiological hazards in construction materials used in Elazig, Turkey. Radiat Meas. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas. 2010.08.010 (2011).
[16]	H. Papaefthymiou, O. Gouseti, Natural radioactivity and associated radiation hazards in building materials used in Peloponnese, Greece. Radiat Meas. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2008.03.032 (2008).
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Cite This Article

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APA Style

Coulibaly, A., Nafogou, F. D. N., Kone, B., Dicko, A. A. M., Camara, O. (2024). Assessment of Natural Radioactivity in Cements (Local and Imported) in Mali. Radiation Science and Technology, 10(3), 37-42. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.rst.20241003.11

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ACS Style

Coulibaly, A.; Nafogou, F. D. N.; Kone, B.; Dicko, A. A. M.; Camara, O. Assessment of Natural Radioactivity in Cements (Local and Imported) in Mali. Radiat. Sci. Technol. 2024, 10(3), 37-42. doi: 10.11648/j.rst.20241003.11

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AMA Style

Coulibaly A, Nafogou FDN, Kone B, Dicko AAM, Camara O. Assessment of Natural Radioactivity in Cements (Local and Imported) in Mali. Radiat Sci Technol. 2024;10(3):37-42. doi: 10.11648/j.rst.20241003.11

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@article{10.11648/j.rst.20241003.11,
  author = {Adama Coulibaly and Fatoumata Dite Niaber Nafogou and Binefou Kone and Aly Ag Mohamed Dicko and Oumou Camara},
  title = {Assessment of Natural Radioactivity in Cements (Local and Imported) in Mali
},
  journal = {Radiation Science and Technology},
  volume = {10},
  number = {3},
  pages = {37-42},
  doi = {10.11648/j.rst.20241003.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.rst.20241003.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.rst.20241003.11},
  abstract = {Background: In this article, the radioactivity concentrations of U-238, Th-232 and K-40 (NORM) and radiological hazard parameters in different types of cements commonly used in Mali and available on the Malian market have been analyzed. The obtained values of NORM concentrations and radiological hazards in seven (07) cements samples will permit to the AMARAP to estimate the exposure (gamma rays) from the buildings and dwellings made by these cements. It will permit also to determine any over exposure (determinist effects which are an immediate tissue reaction due to the high exposition of ionizing radiation) and minimize as well the associated risk due to low doses (stochastic effects). Materials and Methods: The health impact due to the exposure of radionuclides from these cements was evaluated by the determination of specific activity of radionuclides U-238, Th-232 and K-40 using gamma spectrometry analysis. The radiological hazards such as Absorbed Dose Rate (Ḋ) Annual Effective Dose (Ė) Internal and External Dose indexes (Hin and Hex) were evaluated in these cements samples. Results: The range of specific activities for U-238 vary from 21.77 ± 1.50 to 145.31 ± 7.70 Bq/kg, for Th-232 from 8.85 ± 0.52 to 73.56 ± 3.82 Bq/kg and for K-40 from 104.27 ± 5.63 to 351.97 ± 18.08 Bq/kg. The peak of U-238 wasn’t detected only in one (01) sample (CIM04). The highest value of specific activity was reported in sample CIM07 (DANGOTE). The values of radiological hazard such as Ḋ, Ė, Hin and Hex from this work were within the dose criteria limits given by international organizations (ICRP and UNSCEAR) and national standards. Conclusion: This study shows the analyzed cements do not pose any significant source of radiation hazard and are safe for use in the construction of dwellings even if the risk (stochastic effect) associated with low dose exists. Special attention and more analyzes must be done on them for more protection of public health.
},
 year = {2024}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Assessment of Natural Radioactivity in Cements (Local and Imported) in Mali

AU  - Adama Coulibaly
AU  - Fatoumata Dite Niaber Nafogou
AU  - Binefou Kone
AU  - Aly Ag Mohamed Dicko
AU  - Oumou Camara
Y1  - 2024/08/30
PY  - 2024
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.rst.20241003.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.rst.20241003.11
T2  - Radiation Science and Technology
JF  - Radiation Science and Technology
JO  - Radiation Science and Technology
SP  - 37
EP  - 42
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-5943
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.rst.20241003.11
AB  - Background: In this article, the radioactivity concentrations of U-238, Th-232 and K-40 (NORM) and radiological hazard parameters in different types of cements commonly used in Mali and available on the Malian market have been analyzed. The obtained values of NORM concentrations and radiological hazards in seven (07) cements samples will permit to the AMARAP to estimate the exposure (gamma rays) from the buildings and dwellings made by these cements. It will permit also to determine any over exposure (determinist effects which are an immediate tissue reaction due to the high exposition of ionizing radiation) and minimize as well the associated risk due to low doses (stochastic effects). Materials and Methods: The health impact due to the exposure of radionuclides from these cements was evaluated by the determination of specific activity of radionuclides U-238, Th-232 and K-40 using gamma spectrometry analysis. The radiological hazards such as Absorbed Dose Rate (Ḋ) Annual Effective Dose (Ė) Internal and External Dose indexes (Hin and Hex) were evaluated in these cements samples. Results: The range of specific activities for U-238 vary from 21.77 ± 1.50 to 145.31 ± 7.70 Bq/kg, for Th-232 from 8.85 ± 0.52 to 73.56 ± 3.82 Bq/kg and for K-40 from 104.27 ± 5.63 to 351.97 ± 18.08 Bq/kg. The peak of U-238 wasn’t detected only in one (01) sample (CIM04). The highest value of specific activity was reported in sample CIM07 (DANGOTE). The values of radiological hazard such as Ḋ, Ė, Hin and Hex from this work were within the dose criteria limits given by international organizations (ICRP and UNSCEAR) and national standards. Conclusion: This study shows the analyzed cements do not pose any significant source of radiation hazard and are safe for use in the construction of dwellings even if the risk (stochastic effect) associated with low dose exists. Special attention and more analyzes must be done on them for more protection of public health.

VL  - 10
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Adama Coulibaly

Regulatory Analysis Laboratory, Department of Control and Monitoring Territory, Malian Radiation Protection Agency (AMARAP in French), Bamako, Mali

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0008-3435-812X
Fatoumata Dite Niaber Nafogou

Applied Sciences Institute (ISA in French), Techniques and Technologies Sciences University of Bamako (USTTB in French), Bamako, Mali

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0008-5325-0675
Binefou Kone

Applied Sciences Institute (ISA in French), Techniques and Technologies Sciences University of Bamako (USTTB in French), Bamako, Mali

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0006-6017-221X
Aly Ag Mohamed Dicko

Regulatory Analysis Laboratory, Department of Control and Monitoring Territory, Malian Radiation Protection Agency (AMARAP in French), Bamako, Mali

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0004-0656-2773
Oumou Camara

Regulatory Analysis Laboratory, Department of Control and Monitoring Territory, Malian Radiation Protection Agency (AMARAP in French), Bamako, Mali

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0003-5016-9293

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Coulibaly, A., Nafogou, F. D. N., Kone, B., Dicko, A. A. M., Camara, O. (2024). Assessment of Natural Radioactivity in Cements (Local and Imported) in Mali. Radiation Science and Technology, 10(3), 37-42. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.rst.20241003.11

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ACS Style

Coulibaly, A.; Nafogou, F. D. N.; Kone, B.; Dicko, A. A. M.; Camara, O. Assessment of Natural Radioactivity in Cements (Local and Imported) in Mali. Radiat. Sci. Technol. 2024, 10(3), 37-42. doi: 10.11648/j.rst.20241003.11

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AMA Style

Coulibaly A, Nafogou FDN, Kone B, Dicko AAM, Camara O. Assessment of Natural Radioactivity in Cements (Local and Imported) in Mali. Radiat Sci Technol. 2024;10(3):37-42. doi: 10.11648/j.rst.20241003.11

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@article{10.11648/j.rst.20241003.11,
  author = {Adama Coulibaly and Fatoumata Dite Niaber Nafogou and Binefou Kone and Aly Ag Mohamed Dicko and Oumou Camara},
  title = {Assessment of Natural Radioactivity in Cements (Local and Imported) in Mali
},
  journal = {Radiation Science and Technology},
  volume = {10},
  number = {3},
  pages = {37-42},
  doi = {10.11648/j.rst.20241003.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.rst.20241003.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.rst.20241003.11},
  abstract = {Background: In this article, the radioactivity concentrations of U-238, Th-232 and K-40 (NORM) and radiological hazard parameters in different types of cements commonly used in Mali and available on the Malian market have been analyzed. The obtained values of NORM concentrations and radiological hazards in seven (07) cements samples will permit to the AMARAP to estimate the exposure (gamma rays) from the buildings and dwellings made by these cements. It will permit also to determine any over exposure (determinist effects which are an immediate tissue reaction due to the high exposition of ionizing radiation) and minimize as well the associated risk due to low doses (stochastic effects). Materials and Methods: The health impact due to the exposure of radionuclides from these cements was evaluated by the determination of specific activity of radionuclides U-238, Th-232 and K-40 using gamma spectrometry analysis. The radiological hazards such as Absorbed Dose Rate (Ḋ) Annual Effective Dose (Ė) Internal and External Dose indexes (Hin and Hex) were evaluated in these cements samples. Results: The range of specific activities for U-238 vary from 21.77 ± 1.50 to 145.31 ± 7.70 Bq/kg, for Th-232 from 8.85 ± 0.52 to 73.56 ± 3.82 Bq/kg and for K-40 from 104.27 ± 5.63 to 351.97 ± 18.08 Bq/kg. The peak of U-238 wasn’t detected only in one (01) sample (CIM04). The highest value of specific activity was reported in sample CIM07 (DANGOTE). The values of radiological hazard such as Ḋ, Ė, Hin and Hex from this work were within the dose criteria limits given by international organizations (ICRP and UNSCEAR) and national standards. Conclusion: This study shows the analyzed cements do not pose any significant source of radiation hazard and are safe for use in the construction of dwellings even if the risk (stochastic effect) associated with low dose exists. Special attention and more analyzes must be done on them for more protection of public health.
},
 year = {2024}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Assessment of Natural Radioactivity in Cements (Local and Imported) in Mali

AU  - Adama Coulibaly
AU  - Fatoumata Dite Niaber Nafogou
AU  - Binefou Kone
AU  - Aly Ag Mohamed Dicko
AU  - Oumou Camara
Y1  - 2024/08/30
PY  - 2024
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.rst.20241003.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.rst.20241003.11
T2  - Radiation Science and Technology
JF  - Radiation Science and Technology
JO  - Radiation Science and Technology
SP  - 37
EP  - 42
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-5943
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.rst.20241003.11
AB  - Background: In this article, the radioactivity concentrations of U-238, Th-232 and K-40 (NORM) and radiological hazard parameters in different types of cements commonly used in Mali and available on the Malian market have been analyzed. The obtained values of NORM concentrations and radiological hazards in seven (07) cements samples will permit to the AMARAP to estimate the exposure (gamma rays) from the buildings and dwellings made by these cements. It will permit also to determine any over exposure (determinist effects which are an immediate tissue reaction due to the high exposition of ionizing radiation) and minimize as well the associated risk due to low doses (stochastic effects). Materials and Methods: The health impact due to the exposure of radionuclides from these cements was evaluated by the determination of specific activity of radionuclides U-238, Th-232 and K-40 using gamma spectrometry analysis. The radiological hazards such as Absorbed Dose Rate (Ḋ) Annual Effective Dose (Ė) Internal and External Dose indexes (Hin and Hex) were evaluated in these cements samples. Results: The range of specific activities for U-238 vary from 21.77 ± 1.50 to 145.31 ± 7.70 Bq/kg, for Th-232 from 8.85 ± 0.52 to 73.56 ± 3.82 Bq/kg and for K-40 from 104.27 ± 5.63 to 351.97 ± 18.08 Bq/kg. The peak of U-238 wasn’t detected only in one (01) sample (CIM04). The highest value of specific activity was reported in sample CIM07 (DANGOTE). The values of radiological hazard such as Ḋ, Ė, Hin and Hex from this work were within the dose criteria limits given by international organizations (ICRP and UNSCEAR) and national standards. Conclusion: This study shows the analyzed cements do not pose any significant source of radiation hazard and are safe for use in the construction of dwellings even if the risk (stochastic effect) associated with low dose exists. Special attention and more analyzes must be done on them for more protection of public health.

VL  - 10
IS  - 3
ER  -

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