Influence of Finance in Mainstreaming Support for Orphans and Vulnerable Children (OVC) in Nyeri Central District, Kenya

Grace Githae Ngethe; Paul A. Odundo; John K. Mwangi

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijeedu.20150401.12

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Influence of Finance in Mainstreaming Support for Orphans and Vulnerable Children (OVC) in Nyeri Central District, Kenya

Grace Githae Ngethe, Paul A. Odundo, John K. Mwangi

Published in International Journal of Elementary Education (Volume 4, Issue 1)

Received: 23 January 2015 Accepted: 6 February 2015 Published: 15 February 2015

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Abstract

Orphaned and Vulnerable Children (OVC) below 8 years represent an extremely vulnerable population due to growing levels of poverty, HIV/AIDS and socio-economic situation in which they live. This makes Public Nursery Schools (PNS) receive greater attention as places to remedy to decline of family and community based support. Schools provide channels for distribution of essential services such as food, healthcare, clothing, education and psychosocial support. Though the goal of expanding Early Childhood Education (ECE) opportunity for all children is integrated global initiatives such as Education for All (EFA) and Millennium Development Goals (MDG), PNS face the burden of fewer resources as the support systems for OVC such as school feeding, health and nutritional care and psychosocial support are linked to Education Finance. Steady provision of funding level ensures that PNS improve wellbeing and learning outcomes of children through whole school interventions. By contrast, deprivation of interventions during the early years results in lifelong deficiencies and disadvantages. The study sought to find out the influence of finance on mainstreaming support for OVC in PNS in Nyeri Central district .The study employed a descriptive survey design with a sample of 19 public nursery schools. Data was collected through questionnaires for head teachers, a nursery school teacher for each school and an interview was conducted with the District Centre for Early Childhood Education (DICECE) programme officer. The study found out that mainstreaming support for OVC was compromised as source of funds were inadequate for OVC support, capacity building for teachers and retention of OVC in schools through, feeding programme, subsidized fees and bursary funds. To avert this crisis, the study recommends that support for OVC should be intensified through increased budgetary allocation and setting up funds earmarked for OVC in PNS.

Published in	International Journal of Elementary Education (Volume 4, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijeedu.20150401.12
Page(s)	8-15
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Financing Early Childhood Education, Orphans and Vulnerable Children, Public Nursery Schools

References

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[2]	Bartlett, J. Kortlik J. and Higgins, C.(2001).Determining Appropriate Sample Size For Survey Research. A Journal Of Information Technology Learning And Performance. Vol 19 (1)
[3]	Belfield, R.(2006). Financing Early Childhood Care And Education; An International Review. Queens College. Newyork
[4]	Boler, T. and Carroll, K. (2003). Addressing the educational Needs of Orphans and Vulnerable Children. Policy and Research issue No 2.
[5]	Government of Kenya (2001). Children’s Act. Government printer. Kenya
[6]	Government of Kenya.(2005). National Policy on Orphans and Vulnerable Children, Nairobi, Government printer.
[7]	Government of Kenya (2003).National Action Plan on Education For All 2003-2015.Govrnment printer
[8]	Government of Kenya. (2005). Ministry of Education strategic plan 2006-2011.Nairobi
[9]	Kidner C. and Curtis, S (2003). Mainstreaming Equality Issues. Spice briefings 03/58 page 3.
[10]	Krejcie R. and Morgan, W. (1970). Educational and Psychological Measurement: Determining Sample Size for Research Activities. (30) 607-610.
[11]	Lusk, D. Huffman, and O’Gara, C.(2000). Assessment and Improvement of Care of aids Affected Children under Age 5.Agency for Educational Development. Washington DC.
[12]	MGCSD. (2007).National Action Plan for Orphans and Vulnerable Children in Kenya 2007-2010. Nairobi. Government Printer.
[13]	Mishra V., Anorld F., Otieno F. Cross, A. and Hong, R (2005).Nutritional Status of Orphans and Children of HIV infected parents of Kenya. Vol no24.
[14]	MOGCSD. (2011). Cash Transfer Funds For Orphans And Vulnerable Children. Nairobi. Government Printer.
[15]	Mugenda, O. and Mugenda, A.G. (2003). A Research Methods: Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches, Nairobi, Acts press.
[16]	Paul,L. Ann, P. and Cruickshank , M. (1977). Mainstreaming. A Practical Guide. Syracuse University Press.
[17]	Pfeiderer, R .and Kantai, O. (2010). Orphans and Vulnerable Children (OVC) Programming in Global Fund HIV Grants in Kenya. Washington DC
[18]	Smart, R. (2003). Policies for Orphans and Vulnerable Children. A Framework For Moving Ahead Availableasat3rdjan2011.http//www.hivaidsclearinghouse.unesco.org/search/resources/ovc –policies –pdf
[19]	Subbarao, K. and Coury, D. (2004). .Reaching Out To Africa’s Orphans. A Framework For Public Action. Washington DC. World Bank
[20]	UNESCO, (2005).Early Childhood Care and Family Series: Early Childhood and Education in Kenya. No 11-2005 Paris. France.
[21]	UNESCO, (2008). EFA Goal Monitoring Report; Overcoming Inequality: Why Governance Matters. France
[22]	UNICEF. (2009). Promoting Quality Education for Orphans and Vulnerable Children. A Source Book of Programme Experiences in Eastern and Southern Africa.
[23]	UNICEF. (2004). Children on the Brink 2004: A Joint Report of New Estimates and A Framework For Action. New York. United Nations Children Fund
[24]	UNICEF(2009).Child Friendly Schools. http://www.unicef.org/devprov/files/CFS manual-ch06-05 2009.
[25]	USAID. 2008. Education Programming for OVC affected or Vulnerable to HIV. Moving beyond School fees and uniform. Washington DC
[26]	USAID. (2010).Orphans and Vulnerable Children (OVC) Programming in Global Fund HIV Grants in Kenya. Washington DC.
[27]	USAID. (2009). Kenya Research Situation Analysis On Orphans And Vulnerable Children; A Country Brief. Boston University and University of Nairobi.

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APA Style

Grace Githae Ngethe, Paul A. Odundo, John K. Mwangi. (2015). Influence of Finance in Mainstreaming Support for Orphans and Vulnerable Children (OVC) in Nyeri Central District, Kenya. International Journal of Elementary Education, 4(1), 8-15. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijeedu.20150401.12

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ACS Style

Grace Githae Ngethe; Paul A. Odundo; John K. Mwangi. Influence of Finance in Mainstreaming Support for Orphans and Vulnerable Children (OVC) in Nyeri Central District, Kenya. Int. J. Elem. Educ. 2015, 4(1), 8-15. doi: 10.11648/j.ijeedu.20150401.12

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AMA Style

Grace Githae Ngethe, Paul A. Odundo, John K. Mwangi. Influence of Finance in Mainstreaming Support for Orphans and Vulnerable Children (OVC) in Nyeri Central District, Kenya. Int J Elem Educ. 2015;4(1):8-15. doi: 10.11648/j.ijeedu.20150401.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijeedu.20150401.12,
  author = {Grace Githae Ngethe and Paul A. Odundo and John K. Mwangi},
  title = {Influence of Finance in Mainstreaming Support for Orphans and Vulnerable Children (OVC) in Nyeri Central District, Kenya},
  journal = {International Journal of Elementary Education},
  volume = {4},
  number = {1},
  pages = {8-15},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijeedu.20150401.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijeedu.20150401.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijeedu.20150401.12},
  abstract = {Orphaned and Vulnerable Children (OVC) below 8 years represent an extremely vulnerable population due to growing levels of poverty, HIV/AIDS and socio-economic situation in which they live. This makes Public Nursery Schools (PNS) receive greater attention as places to remedy to decline of family and community based support. Schools provide channels for distribution of essential services such as food, healthcare, clothing, education and psychosocial support. Though the goal of expanding Early Childhood Education (ECE) opportunity for all children is integrated global initiatives such as Education for All (EFA) and Millennium Development Goals (MDG), PNS face the burden of fewer resources as the support systems for OVC such as school feeding, health and nutritional care and psychosocial support are linked to Education Finance. Steady provision of funding level ensures that PNS improve wellbeing and learning outcomes of children through whole school interventions. By contrast, deprivation of interventions during the early years results in lifelong deficiencies and disadvantages. The study sought to find out the influence of finance on mainstreaming support for OVC in PNS in Nyeri Central district .The study employed a descriptive survey design with a sample of 19 public nursery schools. Data was collected through questionnaires for head teachers, a nursery school teacher for each school and an interview was conducted with the District Centre for Early Childhood Education (DICECE) programme officer. The study found out that mainstreaming support for OVC was compromised as source of funds were inadequate for OVC support, capacity building for teachers and retention of OVC in schools through, feeding programme, subsidized fees and bursary funds. To avert this crisis, the study recommends that support for OVC should be intensified through increased budgetary allocation and setting up funds earmarked for OVC in PNS.},
 year = {2015}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Influence of Finance in Mainstreaming Support for Orphans and Vulnerable Children (OVC) in Nyeri Central District, Kenya
AU  - Grace Githae Ngethe
AU  - Paul A. Odundo
AU  - John K. Mwangi
Y1  - 2015/02/15
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijeedu.20150401.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijeedu.20150401.12
T2  - International Journal of Elementary Education
JF  - International Journal of Elementary Education
JO  - International Journal of Elementary Education
SP  - 8
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PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7640
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijeedu.20150401.12
AB  - Orphaned and Vulnerable Children (OVC) below 8 years represent an extremely vulnerable population due to growing levels of poverty, HIV/AIDS and socio-economic situation in which they live. This makes Public Nursery Schools (PNS) receive greater attention as places to remedy to decline of family and community based support. Schools provide channels for distribution of essential services such as food, healthcare, clothing, education and psychosocial support. Though the goal of expanding Early Childhood Education (ECE) opportunity for all children is integrated global initiatives such as Education for All (EFA) and Millennium Development Goals (MDG), PNS face the burden of fewer resources as the support systems for OVC such as school feeding, health and nutritional care and psychosocial support are linked to Education Finance. Steady provision of funding level ensures that PNS improve wellbeing and learning outcomes of children through whole school interventions. By contrast, deprivation of interventions during the early years results in lifelong deficiencies and disadvantages. The study sought to find out the influence of finance on mainstreaming support for OVC in PNS in Nyeri Central district .The study employed a descriptive survey design with a sample of 19 public nursery schools. Data was collected through questionnaires for head teachers, a nursery school teacher for each school and an interview was conducted with the District Centre for Early Childhood Education (DICECE) programme officer. The study found out that mainstreaming support for OVC was compromised as source of funds were inadequate for OVC support, capacity building for teachers and retention of OVC in schools through, feeding programme, subsidized fees and bursary funds. To avert this crisis, the study recommends that support for OVC should be intensified through increased budgetary allocation and setting up funds earmarked for OVC in PNS.
VL  - 4
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Author Information

Grace Githae Ngethe

School of Education, College of Education and External Studies, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
Paul A. Odundo

School of Education, College of Education and External Studies, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
John K. Mwangi

School of Education, College of Education and External Studies, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya

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Grace Githae Ngethe, Paul A. Odundo, John K. Mwangi. (2015). Influence of Finance in Mainstreaming Support for Orphans and Vulnerable Children (OVC) in Nyeri Central District, Kenya. International Journal of Elementary Education, 4(1), 8-15. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijeedu.20150401.12

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ACS Style

Grace Githae Ngethe; Paul A. Odundo; John K. Mwangi. Influence of Finance in Mainstreaming Support for Orphans and Vulnerable Children (OVC) in Nyeri Central District, Kenya. Int. J. Elem. Educ. 2015, 4(1), 8-15. doi: 10.11648/j.ijeedu.20150401.12

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AMA Style

Grace Githae Ngethe, Paul A. Odundo, John K. Mwangi. Influence of Finance in Mainstreaming Support for Orphans and Vulnerable Children (OVC) in Nyeri Central District, Kenya. Int J Elem Educ. 2015;4(1):8-15. doi: 10.11648/j.ijeedu.20150401.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijeedu.20150401.12,
  author = {Grace Githae Ngethe and Paul A. Odundo and John K. Mwangi},
  title = {Influence of Finance in Mainstreaming Support for Orphans and Vulnerable Children (OVC) in Nyeri Central District, Kenya},
  journal = {International Journal of Elementary Education},
  volume = {4},
  number = {1},
  pages = {8-15},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijeedu.20150401.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijeedu.20150401.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijeedu.20150401.12},
  abstract = {Orphaned and Vulnerable Children (OVC) below 8 years represent an extremely vulnerable population due to growing levels of poverty, HIV/AIDS and socio-economic situation in which they live. This makes Public Nursery Schools (PNS) receive greater attention as places to remedy to decline of family and community based support. Schools provide channels for distribution of essential services such as food, healthcare, clothing, education and psychosocial support. Though the goal of expanding Early Childhood Education (ECE) opportunity for all children is integrated global initiatives such as Education for All (EFA) and Millennium Development Goals (MDG), PNS face the burden of fewer resources as the support systems for OVC such as school feeding, health and nutritional care and psychosocial support are linked to Education Finance. Steady provision of funding level ensures that PNS improve wellbeing and learning outcomes of children through whole school interventions. By contrast, deprivation of interventions during the early years results in lifelong deficiencies and disadvantages. The study sought to find out the influence of finance on mainstreaming support for OVC in PNS in Nyeri Central district .The study employed a descriptive survey design with a sample of 19 public nursery schools. Data was collected through questionnaires for head teachers, a nursery school teacher for each school and an interview was conducted with the District Centre for Early Childhood Education (DICECE) programme officer. The study found out that mainstreaming support for OVC was compromised as source of funds were inadequate for OVC support, capacity building for teachers and retention of OVC in schools through, feeding programme, subsidized fees and bursary funds. To avert this crisis, the study recommends that support for OVC should be intensified through increased budgetary allocation and setting up funds earmarked for OVC in PNS.},
 year = {2015}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Influence of Finance in Mainstreaming Support for Orphans and Vulnerable Children (OVC) in Nyeri Central District, Kenya
AU  - Grace Githae Ngethe
AU  - Paul A. Odundo
AU  - John K. Mwangi
Y1  - 2015/02/15
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijeedu.20150401.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijeedu.20150401.12
T2  - International Journal of Elementary Education
JF  - International Journal of Elementary Education
JO  - International Journal of Elementary Education
SP  - 8
EP  - 15
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7640
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijeedu.20150401.12
AB  - Orphaned and Vulnerable Children (OVC) below 8 years represent an extremely vulnerable population due to growing levels of poverty, HIV/AIDS and socio-economic situation in which they live. This makes Public Nursery Schools (PNS) receive greater attention as places to remedy to decline of family and community based support. Schools provide channels for distribution of essential services such as food, healthcare, clothing, education and psychosocial support. Though the goal of expanding Early Childhood Education (ECE) opportunity for all children is integrated global initiatives such as Education for All (EFA) and Millennium Development Goals (MDG), PNS face the burden of fewer resources as the support systems for OVC such as school feeding, health and nutritional care and psychosocial support are linked to Education Finance. Steady provision of funding level ensures that PNS improve wellbeing and learning outcomes of children through whole school interventions. By contrast, deprivation of interventions during the early years results in lifelong deficiencies and disadvantages. The study sought to find out the influence of finance on mainstreaming support for OVC in PNS in Nyeri Central district .The study employed a descriptive survey design with a sample of 19 public nursery schools. Data was collected through questionnaires for head teachers, a nursery school teacher for each school and an interview was conducted with the District Centre for Early Childhood Education (DICECE) programme officer. The study found out that mainstreaming support for OVC was compromised as source of funds were inadequate for OVC support, capacity building for teachers and retention of OVC in schools through, feeding programme, subsidized fees and bursary funds. To avert this crisis, the study recommends that support for OVC should be intensified through increased budgetary allocation and setting up funds earmarked for OVC in PNS.
VL  - 4
IS  - 1
ER  -

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